Digital maturity variables and their impact on the enterprise architecture layers

This study examines the variables of digital maturity of companies. The framework for enterprise architectures Archimate 3.0 is used to compare the variables. The variables are assigned to the six layers of architecture: Strategy, Business Environment, Applications, Technology, Physical and Implementation and Migration. On the basis of a literature overview, 15 “digital maturity models” with a total of 147 variables are analyzed. The databases Scopus, EBSCO – Business Source Premier and ProQuest are used for this purpose

Digital maturity variables and their impact on the enterprise architecture layers

This study examines the variables of digital maturity of companies. The framework for enterprise architectures Archimate 3.0 is used to compare the variables. The vari¬ables are assigned to the six layers of architecture: Strategy, Business Environment, Applications, Technology, Physical and Implementation and Migration. On the basis of a literature overview, 15 “digital maturity models” with a total of 147 variables are analyzed. The databases Scopus, EBSCO – Business Source Premier and ProQuest are used for this purpose.The results of the work will help researchers and managers to identify which digitiza¬tion variables affect the different layers of the company. This enables researchers or managers to use the right model for a specific purpose or to create a new model from a combination of existing models for the entire company or just one architectural layer.On the basis of a more precise assessment of the digital maturity of a company, better actions can be derived. This work is important for companies, as the digitization of enterprises and markets changed similarly to the invention of the steam engine did. Websites, sensors, mobile devices, apps, etc. are combined into new digital products and services. The competitors in the market have to adapt. If this is not done, they will increasingly disappear.Finally, the authors suggests a conclusion about the current situation regarding the measurement of digital maturity in companies and show in which areas further studies could be carried out

Exponential convergence of hp-DGFEM for elliptic problems in polyhedral domains

We review the recent results of [21, 22], and establish the exponential convergence of hp-version discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods for the numerical approximation of linear second-order elliptic boundary-value problems with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions and constant coefficients in threedimsional and axiparallel polyhedra. The exponential rates are confirmed in a series of numerical tests

Hemodynamic Performance of Edwards Intuity Valve in a Compliant Aortic Root Model

Numerous designs of bioprosthetic valves exist. The sutureless surgical valve is a newer design concept which combines elements of the transcatheter valve technology with surgical valves. This design aims at shorter and easier implantation. It was the aim of this study to perform hemodynamic and kinematic measurements for this type of valves to serve as a baseline for following studies which investigate the effect of the aortic root on the valve performance. To this end, the Edwards Intuity aortic valve was investigated in a new in vitro flow loop mimicking the left heart. The valve was implanted in a transparent, compliant aortic root model, and the valve kinematics was investigated using a high speed camera together with synchronized hemodynamic measurements of pressures and flows. The valve closure was asynchronous (one by one leaflet), and the valve started to close before the deceleration of the fluid. The aortic root model showed a dilation of the sinuses which was different to the ascending aorta, and the annulus was found to move towards the left ventricle during diastole and towards the aorta during systole

Aortic root stiffness affects the kinematics of bioprosthetic aortic valves†

OBJECTIVES In this study, the influence of aortic root distensibility on the haemodynamic parameters and valve kinematics of a bioprosthetic aortic valve was investigated in a controlled in vitro experiment. METHODS An Edwards INTUITY Elite 21 mm sutureless aortic valve (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) was inserted in three transparent aortic root phantoms with different wall thicknesses (0.55, 0.85 and 1.50 mm) mimicking different physiological distensibilities. Haemodynamic measurements were performed in an in vitro flow loop at heart rates of 60, 80 and 100 bpm with corresponding cardiac outputs of 3.5, 4.0 and 5.0 l/min and aortic pressures of 100/60, 120/90 and 145/110 mmHg, respectively. Aortic valve kinematics were assessed using a high-speed camera. The geometric orifice area (GOA) was measured by counting pixels in the lumen of the open aortic valve. The effective orifice area (EOA) was calculated from the root-mean-square value of the systolic aortic valve flow rate and the mean systolic trans-valvular pressure gradient. RESULTS The tested aortic root phantoms reproduce physiological distensibilities of healthy individuals in age groups ranging from 40 to 70 years (±10 years). The haemodynamic results show only minor differences between the aortic root phantoms: the trans-valvular pressure gradient tends to increase for stiffer aortic roots, whereas the systolic aortic valve flow rate remains constant. As a consequence, the EOA decreased slightly for less distensible aortic roots. The GOA and the aortic valve opening and closing velocities increase significantly with reduced distensibility for all haemodynamic measurements. The resulting mean systolic flow velocity in the aortic valve orifice is lower for the stiffer aortic root. CONCLUSIONS Aortic root distensibility may influence GOA and aortic valve kinematics, which affects the mechanical load on the aortic valve cusps. Whether these changes have a significant effect on the onset of structural valve deterioration of bioprosthetic heart valves needs to be further investigated

Adiabatic Triplet State Tautomerization of <i>p</i>-Hydroxyacetophenone in Aqueous Solution

The primary photophysical processes of <i>p</i>-hydroxyacetophenone (HA) and the ensuing proton transfer reactions in aqueous solution were investigated by picosecond pump–probe spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Previous studies have led to mutually inconsistent conclusions. The combined data allow us to rationalize the excited-state proton transfer processes of HA in terms of a comprehensive, well-established reaction scheme. Following fast and quantitative ISC to the triplet state, ³HA*, adiabatic proton transfer through solvent water simultaneously forms both the anion, ³A^–*, and the quinoid triplet enol tautomer, ³Q*. The latter subsequently equilibrates with its anion ³A^–*. Ionization and tautomerization are likely to compete with the desired release reactions of <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenacyl photoremovable protecting groups

Adiabatic Triplet State Tautomerization of <i>p</i>-Hydroxyacetophenone in Aqueous Solution

The primary photophysical processes of <i>p</i>-hydroxyacetophenone (HA) and the ensuing proton transfer reactions in aqueous solution were investigated by picosecond pump–probe spectroscopy and nanosecond laser flash photolysis. Previous studies have led to mutually inconsistent conclusions. The combined data allow us to rationalize the excited-state proton transfer processes of HA in terms of a comprehensive, well-established reaction scheme. Following fast and quantitative ISC to the triplet state, ³HA*, adiabatic proton transfer through solvent water simultaneously forms both the anion, ³A^–*, and the quinoid triplet enol tautomer, ³Q*. The latter subsequently equilibrates with its anion ³A^–*. Ionization and tautomerization are likely to compete with the desired release reactions of <i>p</i>-hydroxyphenacyl photoremovable protecting groups